A Critique of Tess Onwueme’s Tell It to Women Essay Example for Free

A Critique of Tess Onwuemes testify It to Wo hands EssayTo Women, we travel back to a Nigerian village in postcolonial Africa. The story enlightens the audience rough the dichotomy of traditionalism versus modernism and the ways in which different cultures interact. It ends by revealing the authoritative sum of culture the real quality in a society that arises from a passion for what is excellent in arts, manners, and customs.Overall, the hearten discusses the role of women within this Nigerian village and largely examines the conflict of whether it is better to advance with the tranquility of the world, or to hold on to the traditions that truly make a society independent and beautiful. The play begins with Yemoja, the around important woman in the village, in a house with Daisy and Ruth, two feminist westward-educated scholars. They argon the primitive antagonists in the play. At this early stage, we see that Daisy and Ruth are non fond of Yemoja.Daisy and Ruth are l eaders of the Better Life for Rural Women campaign, which inspires women to believe that they are not only equal to men in many ways, but are even superior in others. The two of them select Yemoja as the mediator between the village and the western world that they are so desperate to force upon the women. The gallery causes a great disturbance in the village between the men and women, and especially with Yemojas conserve and father. Back in Daisys home, she has been getting into many disagreements with her family.Her husband Okei, disagrees with her passion ab away the feminist straw man and they frequently fight about it. Her mother-in-law, Sherifat, still encourages Yemoja to participate in the villages traditional tribal rituals. Sherifat expresses that it would a terrible fate if Yemoja attempts to assimilate to the modern culture and loses her roots. As the story goes on, Daisy becomes estranged from her fille Bose, as Bose is beginning to understand more and more the cultu re of the village and becomes closer to Yemoja and Sherifat.Towards the end of the play, the villagers gear up a march, for which Daisy gives Yemoja steps to teach to the rest of the women. It becomes clear to Yemoja at that point that western culture is not for them. Daisy and Ruths superior arrives to enlighten the women about her ideas of feminism. She is the one that will decide whether or not the movement has succeeded or not. When it is time for Yemoja to perform the dance, however, she and Sherifat perform one of the Idu rituals instead. Bose even joins in the dancing. Ruth travel and becomes extremely injured plot Daisy is thrust into the middle of the action.The play ends here in a beautifully tragic scene as Ruth chokes to death while the rest of the villagers celebrate having revitalized their culture. Tess Onwuemes play was delightfully written and captivating to any audience. The story was intriguing and definitely matched its title. instantly I see that, Tell It To Women, is a statement on how the women of the village are always being told to do or be something. Whether it is by Daisy and Ruth or by their husbands, the women never really recollect their own voice until the very end.We see in the first movement, Sherifat telling the chorus of women that being a wife is meaning that a wife deserves to be treated like a daughter and not something that you possess. Yet, through and throughout much of the story, we see the women being treated like servants and as subhuman to Daisy and Ruth, the village men, and western civilization as a whole. However, I believe that even as a woman, the author was at times, very objective in her portrayal of feminism. She was able to write a play that showed both the positives and negatives of modernism, while advancing the ideals of traditionalism.She does all this without losing sight of what is most important to women of a small village like that. At one part she even has Ruth say these rural women are very gullible, you know. All you require to do is make them feel they are important we claim them anyway, maybe even more than they need us. The author is commenting here on the passive-aggressive attempts of Daisy and Ruth but also shows that the village women do not in truth need to be modernized. Perhaps here, the author is a little biased because she is making Daisy and Ruth out to be selfish and slightly cruel.To a western reader, the play was not very easy to read. The label of the villagers were at times tongue tying and I found myself changing opinions about a lineament because I in fact, thought they were another. Onwueme also does not really explain the native African tongue and proverbial expressions that are used, which was slightly confusing as well. Many play-writes include footnotes at the bottom of the paginate to explain vernacular that is not known to the reader and that would have been very helpful here.That being said, the true meaning of the play was present the entire time. The clash of cultures and the lingering pains of colonialism in Africa come through wonderfully in the authors interpretation. In one eloquent line we see that colonialism left-hand(a) its mark of the villagers. Sherifat says to Daisy that its easier for those who inflict the pain on others to forget. Tell It To Women, while at times was laborious to follow, beautifully captured the struggle of traditionalism versus modernism and is a true mark of feminism.Overall, I thought that the play was well written and captivating. Even as a man, when sometimes it is hard to understand the desires of women, let all women of another culture, I was able to grasp the true value of this play. It enlightened me about African culture and the roles of men and women in society. I believe Onwueme did a tremendous job in exposing the struggles of postcolonial Africa in an disingenuous representation.

Enterprise Architecture Proposal Essay Example for Free

Enterprise Architecture Proposal probeSubmitted December 4, 2011 Description The organization I induce selected is the company I work for, CMH Systems. The heart and soul functions of this backing atomic number 18 Therapy, Counseling, Placement, and Job skills to name a few. This is a Mental Health Organization that compiles and disburses many services, including Doctors, Prescriptions, Hospitalization, and housing of Mentally or emotionally challenged individuals. Protecting client nurture is essential. The integrity of such information is critical. We are currently in an affiliation with other CMH agencies and service domiciliaters across the state. I chose this agency because it is evolving so fast. IT is mingled in every aspect of this organization and clutching abreast of changes are a challenge. Just oer three years ago, we went from paper records to electronic. This alone was challenging enough, and then we implemented electronic record keeping software. Though this was well thought out and planned we continue to experience growth that is hard to keep up with. With an 80% air as usual attitude, the change is difficult. Getting stimulus from other departments and or caterrs was essential.The problem arises when the stakeholders request changes on a daily basis. The information gleaned from the stakeholders up front was not what they expected. Their input was not specific enough to allow for advancement. Although the stakeholders were involved with the implementation of the new system, we struggle with staff that resists changes. operate(a) model in terms of business process integration. CMH has a couple of operating models. First, there is the core agency, with several outlaying units. Within the core units, there is high integration.Everything except the daily activities are centrally controlled. The selective information is managed centrally. Tthis would be the coordination model. With our affiliates where the units are their manage ment, data is kept locally, and records and data are transmitted to central for submission to state, would be the Replication model. operating model in terms of business process standardization. With both models, I mentioned the data and record keeping are interchangeable. On the core units, they enter data into the system using standardized software and data entry forms.The affiliate model runs the same standardized record keeping software and their data is kept on their servers and transmitted to us on a monthly basis. the chosen operating model in terms of business process integration. In comparison to the Happy Health organization, CMH has make strides in the areas of process integration. Although our affiliate has its own CEO and IT staff, we are the parent company. We have the same electronic record keeping software and it works in unison with theirs. We often share attitude facilities and placement of clients with them. Compare the selected organization to the sample organi zations using the chosen operating model in terms of business process standardization. In terms of process standardization, we are using the same methods of providing services and data collection. They have their own Doctors, therapists, and outreach workers on staff. The data collected there for the services, are input into their own system and the information is extracted each month and sent to us for import into our own systems. We then process the information and realize the necessary claims for submission to the state. Describe the chosen operating model in terms of the financial benefits in stock(predicate) to the organization as a result of the selection. In terms of the affiliation, the business model would be replication. Although as the primary provider and their affiliation with us we would like to have a more in sagacity model like coordination. Explain your rationale for the selected operating model. With the coordination model we would have additional control all o ver the record keeping, services provided and the ability to obtain needed information in a more by the carriage manner.IT would also be able to work together, in a unified manner. In essence, this model would provide a much better way of record keeping and the ability to access the data and provide necessary claims to the state. The way we are currently conducting business is that we are completely different entities, and we have no direct recourse over what goes on there. The reason for the change in design is vital to the way we conduct business now and has a definite impact on the future. I propose the agencies interject together in one coordinated model.

Current Issues in Visual Arts Education Essay Example for Free

Current Issues in Visual Arts Education judgeReading has always been a break up of my life. So do playing. Play in the sense of enjoying our life. What I hate most is formality, a life exist with fall out freedom. Then I combined these two interests into one, to take away about something merriment, and quarter benefit other(a)s too. The claim of literature has consumed most of my waking moments. Of course, I deliver through with(p) other things, merely the more than I hold in explored the more connections I see between the written page and the piece in which I live in. How I realize I am the comparable with others, too. I think I am master enough naming and k right awaying the Malayan conventional racys that exist till now, but I am wrong.The daily plays like ram-ram rip, rangkai-rangkai periuk, da da ko, cak lerang benang emas, tebang-tebang tebuk, ting-ting overeating batu is already alien to me while I am searching the literature. How eer, the more I learn, the more I realize what I do not know. Actually, my thesis writing was under supervision of one kind-hearted prof of my school, which was under look for Methodology subject that I took last semester. She really influenced me in guiding the do and dont in thesis writing. Her positive comments often play in my take c ars and always lay a locating me a raise.It is such a invention to me. Although reflections ar difficult to grimace into because we see what was lacking and what was missing, but I always feel relieved and more foc utilise after seeking her advises. On the other hand, postal code could be more valuable. I get down constructed this paper to reflect a dynamic process in writing my thesis. That is when I write a paper, it is not necessary I should be sitting in front of my computer, but rather I decl ar to jot d let what be appears in my mind on a piece of paper, otherwise it should leave undone bothwhere it could be.Hence, looking back at saved articles and re ferences has often inspired me to expand upon an idea in completing the thesis writing. Thus, I have included list of articles for references, followed by the more polished works that have grown out them, with negligible faultlessly. I hope so. Statement of Research Problem and Research Objectives The effort why I as a tec, trying to dig the problem of Malay customal racys because I realize that these seconds has been disappearing in our Malaysian community.As we know, Malaysians strong sense of community is reflected in many of their handed-down wagers and pas durations. With the multi heathenish Malaysia, the traditional games in particular among the Malays developed over a period of many centuries in the wake of important cultural influences. Some of the oldest surviving Malay traditional games like the real congkak and wau bulan still exist, but it is hardly to find one while newly developed games consoles explore brand new free rein style nowadays. Consciously or not, by the 80th era the existence of Malay traditional games is already faded out .For some concerns, traditional game augmentation aims at adding new value and playful features to a traditional game with keeping its original looks-and feel (Yamabe, Iwata, Shichinohe, and Nakajima) is the best way to keep the originality from disappear especially from the eyes of the new generation. I still remember my lists of childhoods games. But have we ever thought that our children ever experience sitting in a circle on a woody hut near paddy field to play batu seremban? Do they manage to get wind every players shoe to build a cone-like shoe pyramid while playing tuju kasut?Or hiding under a huge tree near the bushes and get bitten by army of ants while playing aci sembunyi or secrete and seek? Children be missing out of the benefits of traditional games that their p bents and grandparents compete in their childhood (Casbergue and Kieff ). More children are engaged in solitary games such as computer games, portable play station and other high-tech portable devices such as iPad. With the changes of time, many of the traditional games cherished by generations have their own history.Sometimes we are not even care where does it come from, including me. If I am not the enquiryer of this engage, I think I dont even bother about the history of congkak. The game of congkak, for example, is a mancala game of Malay origin where the oldest mancala game rooms were found in a ruined fort up of Roman Egypt and date back to the 4th century AD. There are frequent references to the game of marble in Roman literature precursors to modern-day marble, spheres or flint, stone or baked clay have been found in archaeological sites around the world.Another popular traditional games, playing kites or wau is believed to have been derived from the Arabic letter wau, because the shape of the wings resemble the outline of that particular Arabic letter. Of course as we played the traditional g ames, we were totally unaware of their long traditions. Especially for young children, they were simply having fun the uniform with generations before us without noticing the important part of inner value preserving the games for the hereafter(a). Traditional games are very evidentiary in Malay cultural heritage.When we talk about something traditionally, at the aforementioned(prenominal) time it result reflect the tillage. They reflect the ingenuity and re bugfulness of Malay forefathers in creating their own games by using inexpensive materials for their pastimes and recreations. These natural games are fun, and developing strong social skills among children. Lack of exposures from early ages of the children allow affects the identity and originality of the traditional games. Nevertheless, future generation have no chances to explore the games if most of these traditional games faded out. bar to (Akbari, Abdoli and Shafizadeh, pg. 123-129), traditional games have humanit y and cultural determine, beliefs translate by these from one lineage to other. These games were forgotten as a takings of industrialization in recent years. As the thesis writing is upon completion of masters degree in education field, I tried to look at the issue from the angle of Malaysian education system. The capital punishment of traditional games into the syllabus is still lacking except for the Physical and Health Education subject specifi songy in primary schools.Furthermore, only a small part organism inserted into the Preschool Curriculum under the thematic subject, Tunjang Kesihatan dan Kecergasan. These games, although simple, have cultural and social value and encourage children to exercise their ingenuity, especially in fostering pigeonholing spirit in school and in the neighborhood. Three years back, I was a preschool teacher in my school. While doing this thesis, it jogs my memory when teaching the kids. Seriously, they were very excited at that time when I ask ed them to play galah panjang and baling getah. And as usual, they were asking me to play the same games the next day.Another interesting experience to share was during teachers day celebration in 2012. Both teachers and students were requested to compete in galah panjang games at that day. The best part was female need to wear kain batik while the male leave alone wear kain pelekat. Everyone was having so such(prenominal) fun. Thus, I came out with the idea in order to preserving the full-strength identity of Malay traditional games towards the students. I hereby conducted a vitrine study research to implement the effects of applying Malay traditional games in the classroom for a group selection of primary school students.The application of these games forgets actually results into the cognitive skills and the learn styles of students, also in teaching and learning environment in the classroom. As a result, I shit the case that educational games put forward impact in the de veloping world. Significance and Limitation of the Study I am not suggesting that these games should replace quick explicit teaching strategies or supplant instructional time. My concerns are to improvise the teaching and learning style in our education by applying a new fun and interesting method while learning.The children are most likely to have peer interactions without teachers input by learning about the culture of childhood from their peers, not their parents or teachers. According to (Casbergue and Kieff), making traditional games addressable in the classroom could give children the opportunity to develop intellectual and physical skills at heart a ancillary environment. An important void in the existing research literature would also be filled. This fact altogether makes this research very significant. In addition, we have to remember that social skills are culturally based.Therefore, it is important for teachers to regard and be sensitive to the culturally based beha viors of students and use a variety of activities to foster acceptance of one-on-one differences. They also can show students how to play ethnic games and encourage students to play in groups (Church, Gottschalk and Leddy). The study will then shows the importance of preserving the original identity of Malay traditional games from faded out. One of the goals of this both quantifiable and qualitative research is to study the process of playing Malay traditional games and number of repetition within a certain period.I know that is important to note that the name and process may deviate from one practices to another, as many version of games rules and how-to-play version, which could not be controlled by me. Sometimes, it may create mental confusion among players. Brief Review on Malay Traditional Games People may see that traditional game is a simple thing, but actually traditional games are valuable elements of a culture. Their inventions show how creative the humans are, a com bination with high imagination. It is such a precious heritage to be preserve and imply with the history of its creation.Furthermore, it is hard to find the true inventors of the games and how it is evolved. I have never thought who are the one created konda-kondi, tuju kasut and dam aji. This kind of heritage is a basis where a human group gold its identity, its projects for the future, its memory, its history, its fears, its desires. When people lose this untouchable, fragile fragment of their culture, then they will lose their reason for living, their past and their future (Civallero). Traditional games are a sort of intangible cultural heritage with its richness of Malay cultural values and ethics.Normally, the original version of traditional games had been manipulated by the oral from one to another. This effects the exaggeration of the true identity of traditional games itself. Traditional Malay games usually require craft skills and manual dexterity and can be traced their origins since the days of Melaka Sultanate. Sepak raga and kite flying are among traditional games that were mentioned in the Malay Annals being played by nobilities and royalties of the Malay Sultanate (Ooi). I think we should discuss on few numbers of existing Malay traditional games surround us.Firstly is Dam Impit. The purpose of this game is for players to test their expertise and brains to collect as many as opponents dam and getting close to opponent side of the dams table. Playing Dam Impit helps the player to sharpen their thinking skills, capable to develop their exertion and discipline among the players (Nasarah and Nasarah). Children can play this game on free time. Adults also make this game as their spare time hobby. Secondly is Cuit Bintik. It is a very fun game to play.In certain places they call this game as Orang Ganjil Kena Cuit. The rules of the game is whoever had been touched by others at certain part of the torso need to become the toucher while holding thei r particular part of body and chasing for the next victim (Nasarah and Nasarah). According to (Nasarah and Nasarah ), Jarum Mas is one type of recreational game, not in a form of competition. Players can enjoy the game with one of the main character in the game as the ghost or hantu. The role of hantu is to look after the treasures in the drawn circle.Player who had been caught by hantu will become the next hantu and the game will be repeated over a accumulate. For me, this one is a very interesting game to play. The game represents the culture of sending kuih to neighbors that has always been a practice to Malay people since a very long time ago. Traditionally, the kuih was made by the mother or the family members during Ramadhan or moderation month for break fast. In the research by (Nasarah and Nasarah), there is a game called hantar kuih , often play by the boys at night of the fasting month.The game is plays for the whole month, consisting two groups A and B. The group will se nd the kuih secretly with name interpreted and wrote in a piece of paper. Whoever had been caught by the opponent will lose. By the end of the month, all players will forgive one another during Hari Raya. This kind of game test the level of childrens speed from chasing by other players and how to avoid themselves from been caught by enemies. (Nasarah Nasarah) said players who had been touched by the chaser need to sit tinkers damn until just one player left.The sitting playing is considered as died, and the only one player left will be the winner. The Malays also have a variant of Mancala board games known as Congkak Lubang Sepuluh or Congkak Lubang Dua Puluh. The game is played by moving stones, marbles, beads or shells around a wooden board consisting of twelve or more holes. At my time, my friends and me often play using marbles. Traditionally, (Nasarah Nasarah) said the real atm to play congkak is on the ground with players wearing sarungs.The function of wearing sarungs are much easier for the players to collect marbles to put in Rumah Ibu. Rumah Ibu is the two big holes dig on the ground with optional numbers of Lubang Rumah Anak. I ever had this kind of experiences during my childhood. The ambience playing under our wooden house was really incredible and amazing. At this time, I dont know that congkak has a different name too. Historically, mancala or congkak is acknowledged as the oldest game in the world, with variety versions of playing rules depending on the culture of the player.Its origin is traced from Ancient Egypt. As the game dispersed around the globe, every culture has invented its own variation including the Malays. It is common to assume that digital games are something of a new phenomenon. In fact, historians on digs and discover of ancient records all over the world have been able to blow this assumption right out of the water. Many of the forms of traditional games that we see directly have been around the centuries, even as earlie r since ancient Egypt. Time passes as well as the traditional ways of gaming for the children.As they keep themselves entertained, the generation of video consoles and touch screen are now at the forefront (Boyajian). Nowadays, highly advanced gadgets packed the markets and as time goes by, they are become more and more advanced. If once upon a time, the traditional games still can easily be seen played by village boys and girls, in rural or sub urban area. Rarely now, the situation are not the same when the village boys and girls are exposed to technology, to suit with the changes of era. So, where are the traditional games for the Malays?I often asking myself about this, and sometimes I asked my circle of friends, family whereby why it is hard to find one now? Are they also aware of it? Are they realizing the disappearance of our one of the most valuable cultural values too? Just like the evolution of society was imagined as a one-way transformation from tradition to modernity (E ichberg). Yes, we cant deny modernization, but must the tradition being abandoned? Perhaps, not. Research Methodology and Analysis My real concern about the study is actually to investigate the Malay traditional games practices in classroom.The research methodology chosen for this study contain a number of selected gaming activities in classroom, loosely based on the research written by four researchers from different universities under the same disciplines. (1)Matthew Kam (Human-Computer interaction be, Carnegie Mellon University, USA, (2) Akhil Mathur and (3) Anuj Kumar both from Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, Gujarat, India, and (4) John Canny (Computer Science Division and Berkeley Institute of Design, University of California, Berkeley, USA.The title of the study is Designing Digital Games for Rural Children A Study of Traditional Village Games in India. This is the best article Ive found to assist me in writing this study, as its pref erably hard to find related scholarly articles or journals about the study. Again, I am not to plan a game, but I am investigating the appropriateness either the implementation of Malay traditional games in classroom is suitable to be applied during teaching and learning or not, in any subjects not specifically in Visual Art Education subject.Conducting the study means that I am finding the best methods and relevant ideas for teachers to apply it in classrooms. Mixed method of quantitative and qualitative case study approach is used for the investigation. The intention of this study is to exemplary the research methodology adopted for the study, which is a case study design. According to Merriam states that case study is often the best methodology when understanding is desire in order to improve practice (as cited in Zeyad ). Case study investigations can explain the reason for a problem, the background of a situation, what happened and why.A case study designed is employed to gai n an in-depth understanding of the situation and meaning for those involved. The interest is in discovery rather than confirmation (as cited in Zeyad ). At the first place, I thought descriptive design is the best and safer way for doing research, but after gone through few steps ahead my research, I found that case study is the best to course mine. Besides exemplary the case research done by (Kam et. al ), I also had conducted a preliminary investigation called pilot study as well as the literature survey.The pilot study is pointed to the process of inducting theory using case studies- from specifying the research questions to reaching closure. Besides carried out as a trial study, this pilot study also assisted me in testing the feasibility, reliability and validity of the design. I then selected a number of samples to carry out the pre-test, or in easier words to play the Malay traditional games inside a classroom before the actual investigation is done. I then used the informa tion gathered in pilot studies to refine or improve my research or rating procedure being piloted before it is used on a larger scale.This internal pilot study was established through a variety of ways (1) I had approached school directly via headmaster or teachers or management itself to seek permission on conducting the small scale research internally, (2)I had work in partnership with the students and interested teachers in contributing to the research, and (3)I drew on personal and professional contacts to set up projects with colleagues who are already aware of game-based learning specifically in traditional and digital ways. Clearly, implementing a game in a teaching and learning session is risky.Either the learning objectives can be achieved or it can be left undone. To design a game that combining a traditional game and completely match the understanding of students while playing, good data collection methods will be more culturally meaningful to rural students. Although I am not designing the game, but at least I am already have in my mind that traditional games might not be playing in traditional ways only, but we can suit with the current modernization. It just how creative the teachers are, to add up some spice in their teaching methods. I conducted an initial focus group interview for the student during the pilot study.I asked the participants to recall the everyday games that they love to play for us to videotape. I got a tremendous response from the participants saying their favorite everyday games, including both traditional and digital games. From the feedback, I hypothesized that they still know the Malay traditional games is still exist. I then conducted four methods of data collections which are (1) combination of semi-structured and unstructured interviews, (2) participant observation, (3) follow-up questionnaires and (4) collection of documents with the participants.All gathered information will be recorded for transcribing in data analy sis. By using the different methods of data collections, a cross check data will assist in interpretation of data gathered later. Generally for semi-structured and unstructured interview, close-ended and unrestricted questions will be asked in order to allow the participants to create options for responding on the current research topic. Participants can also voice their experiences and perspectives on the research area without boundary. They are free to talk and voice out their opinion in order to make the session is more fun, interactive and meaningful.The participant observation will allow me to role as the participant observer during the activities being held. But the observational roles can be changed later to suit with the activities conducted. Additional data came from the participants responses to follow-up questionnaires developed specifically to earn answers to new questions raised after the initial interview data had been analyzed. These follow-up questionnaires were al so used to clear initial answers and verify interview findings. Public and private records will be a good source of text data in assisting the study. Permission was obtained before using the documents.

Human resource management Essay Example for Free

Human resource management set ab go forthAll motorbuss and great leaders should want to motivate and reward their employees. A good and hard-hitting manager would motivate and encourage their employees. If you were a manager, how would you motivate and reward your employees effectively? Money seems to motivate a mass of employees, but there argon other ways employees find satisfaction in their jobs, such as a locomote-life balance, telecommute, ch allenging work, and academic reimbursement, to name a few. If we take tutorship of our employees, they will take c are of our customers (Noe, p. 319) I truly believe this statement. If I was a manager, ensuring that my employees are taken care of would definitely be a top priority. The employees are also stakeholders. Every day they work which is an investment in the company. When the employees are treated right, involved, and able to voice their opinions, they are more willing to stay at the presidential term bimestrial. Of c ourse, the longer they stay the lower a companys turnover rate is.The employees are the company, and they represent the company. In my past experiences and positions in the life, taking care of the employees was not a priority for my previous employers. For the most berth my previous employers were about numbers, quotas, sales, money and customer satisfaction. Employees always seemed to come last, and I can say this priming coat was partly why I did leave. As an employee, I like the open door policy with managers. I like flavouring like Im a part of a great organization like its my second home.I enjoy being recognized for a job sanitary done, and I do feel that if employees feel as if they are an valuable part of an organization wherefore they will always give 100% into their work. Money is a major motivator for employees, but its not the only motivator. Employee motivation can be as individual as the people who work for you. But you can boil down employee motivation to one ba sic ideal finding out what your employees want and finding a way to give it to them or to enable them to earn it(Inc. , Nov. 30, 1999).Examples of employee motivators are performance-based cash in bonus, praise and commendation from manager, increase in base pay, teambuilding, incentives, career discussions, attention from company leadership, stock or stock options, opportunity to lead projects and advancement or growth within the organization. Gaining a better soul of what motivates employees will make you a better manager. It will help you get the most out of your employees. gravid leaders and managers make all the difference when it comes to managing and actuate employees.These alternative methods of motivating will be effective differently for each employee. Making employees feel they are doing something meaningful is an alternative methods. When employees are involved and feel that they are helping to create and achieve goals, they feel important. Research on job satisfacti on reveals employees are most satisfied when they are working on a challenging task uninterrupted (ASTD, Patterson). as well as effectively communicating help motivates employees. Employees like to know how the organization is progressing toward a goal.Giving ongoing chat about employees performances is important for employee development. Listening, respecting, and providing recognition makes employees feel worthy. Managers should manage but not micromanage. Managers should empower their employees by allowing them choices and ensuring they are accountable for their choices. There are many alternative methods that motivate employees, and this will be rigid individually. Texas Roadhouse looks for ways to recognize employees and bring them together to have fun.They tin competitions, events, outings and conferences to employees. I do think these motivating ways can be transferable to other organizations. Some bigger organizations can probably provide the same employee recognitions, but smaller organizations may not be able to. Although the smaller organizations can find other ways to recognize their employees and to bring them together, such as offering competitions, and winning gift cards, for example. to each one individual organization, no matter what size can still find ways to motivate, recognize, and bring their employees together.In conclusion, motivating and rewarding your employees is how you will keep them. Making sure your employees are engaged is very important in helping to keep them motivated. Organizations should focus on their mission, vision and higher purpose and ensure that all employees understand their daily efforts and how it drives progress towards the mission, vision and purpose. Human resources professionals must manage their organizations with finesse, constantly looking for that optimal level workplace satisfaction, which helps employees motivated and engaged.

Health Care Careers Diagram and Summary Essay Example for Free

Health plow C beers Diagram and Summary EssayWhat is a forcible Therapist do? Each of us has an of import role in health fretting field whether a Pharmacist, Technician, Lab Scientist, Therapist, Nurses, Doctors, and different health tuition professionals. They have one purpose to provide the best quality of business concern to the patients with compassionate and respect. They are steer by the rules and guidelines set up by the state and federal government to observe proper standards and update the techniques concerning healthcare delivery.Career Description.Physical healers sometimes referred to as PTs, suffice people who have injuries or illnesses mitigate their movement and manage their pain (Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2012). PT plays an important role in rehabilitation and gives interference to the patients with chronic conditions or injuries. They diagnose the patients dysfunctional movements by watching them walk, stand, balance, coordination, strength, ran ge of motion and many more.Physical therapists work as part of a healthcare team, overseeing the work of physical therapist assistants and aides and consulting with physicians and surgeons and other specialists (Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2012). They work in wellness- chopines to encourage everyone for more active lifestyles. They also establish appropriate devise of care, depending on the patients condition whether it is a neurological case, orthopedic case, sports injury, pediatrics, geriatrics, sports, and others.Services Provided.Physical therapist serve are wide range from acute care hospital, sub-acute care, skilled nursing facility, home health, and revealpatient care. Their work varies with the type of patients they serve. orthopedic/Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation is one of the services they provided, whereas they focus on all types of musculoskeletal conditions of the entire goad and extremities. Another one is Vestibular Rehabilitation, which is more on balance, di zziness, motion sensitivity, and vertigo rehab.Workforce roles within the services and products.The rehabilitation team is composed of a physical therapist, physical therapist assistant and rehabilitation aide. ordinarily physical therapist is the head of the team with at least a bachelors, doctorate, or masters decimal point in physical therapy. They do the initial evaluations and assessment of the patient upon admission. They also establish the care program (long-term goals and short-term, as well as set up the word guidelines and parameters.The PTAs job is to carry out the treatment following the externalise care set by the therapist, unless the treatment requires a specialization by a PT for example, manual mobilization, myofascial release techniques, and many more. The rehab aides job is to help maintain the rehab facility or gym. They could also assist in treatments with direct supervision by PT. They could also help by doing aftercare after the PT or PTA works with the p atient, or do desk jobs like scheduling patients, whereas no degree or license is required to work as a rehab aide.Impact of Physical therapist on the health care organizations.The therapist importance and influence on the health care bound is very crucial, by doing therapy they help and guide the patients to return on their prior level of function and chance upon their max potential. They also help prevent re-injury because of poor management of the healing process, by setting up the right exercises, depending on the patients level, stage of healing, and comorbidities that comes with the patient. Therapist also help by giving an alternative form of disease healing and pain management, for example a patient who has arthritic pain on B knees that has been dependent on strong pain medicine. Therapy can use physical agents and modalities, like heat, cold, ultrasound, and right number of exercises to engage week muscles and promote improved mobility.ConclusionHealth care providers h ave different roles in health care industry. Each of them has a special purpose on how to give a emend treatment, care, and diagnosis to the patients. Through proper education and training, they will be able to provide what the patients needs. Health care professionals have one goal, which is to make the patient better and help them live a quality and goodly life.Appendix A Figure 1 Diagram of Physical Therapist roles and functions in the health care community.Figure 1 describe as the role of MD, PT, PTA, and rehab aide with regard to patient care. First the referring MD makes the prescription for the patient to be admitted to physical therapy. The physical therapist checks the prescription initiate evaluation, assessment, and establish plan of care. The PT could proceed with the treatment himself or pass to the PTA. The PTAs job is to initiate the treatment program following the goals and treatment parameters set up by the PT. Rehab aide assist the PT or PTA during treatment and helps with scheduling patient visits as well as monitor insurance coverage for the patient.ReferencesBureau of wear down Statistics. (2012, April 6). What Physical Therapists Do.Retrieved from http//www.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Physical-therapists.htmtab-2PT1. (2013). Physical Therapy One.Retrieved from http//www.physicaltherapyone.net/services

Kant on Intuition Essay Example for Free

Kant on cognition EssayIntroduction Kant seems to have adapted the Spinozan trichotomy of spiritual activity. (Rocca, 77) In addition to healthy (empirical) scholarship and understanding, Kant introduces clean suspicion. The principles of this a priori, supra-empirical sensibility atomic number 18 dealt with by the transcendental aesthetic, a discipline which establishes that there are two minute forms of fair intelligence, serving as principles of a priori k straight offledge, namely, space and quantify. (Hayward, 1) Space is a de valet de chambred a priori representation, which underlies all told outer intuitions (Hayward, 1) in particular, in order to perceive a thing, we must be in the possession of the a priori nonion of space. Nor is clip an empirical concept it is the form of the inner sense, and is a necessary representation that underlies all intuitions. (Ewing 24) Pure intuition, unaided by the senses and, moreover, constituting the very possibility of s ense get it on, is for Kant the source of all synthetic a priori judgments.These include the synthetic judgments of geometry, which is for Kant the a priori science of physical space, and arithmetic, which he regards as establish on counting, a process that takes time. Moreover, if for Aristotle, Descartes and Spinoza intuition was a mode of k immediatelying first truths, it is for Kant no less than the possibility of outer experience. The faculty by means of which man creates geometries and theories is reason certainly free burning in some cases by sensible intuition, though non by any mysterious concentrated intuition.However, the products of reason are not all of them self-evident and definitive. Kantian time had a similar fate. We now consider that the characterization of time as the a priori form of the inner sense is psychologistic, and we reject the chemical group separation between time and physical space. The theories of relativity have taught us that the concepts of p hysical space and time are neither a priori nor independent from one another and from the concepts of matter and field. Infallibilism is, of course, one of the sources of Kantian intuitionism. barely sources are psychologism and the correct acknowledgment that sensible experience is insufficient for building categories (e. g. , the category of space). Instead of supposing that man builds concepts which enable him to understand the raw experience he like other animals has, Kant holds dogmatically and, as we now know, in opposition to contemporary animal and child psychology, that outer experience is possible barely by the representation that has been thought. (Hahn, 89) Of all the influential contri saveions of Kant, his idea of pure intuition has proved to be the least valuable, but not, unfortunately, the least influential. Contemporary Intuitionism If Cartesian and Spinozan intuitions are forms of reason, Kantian intuition transcends reason, and this is why it constitutes the g erm of contemporary intuitionism, in turn a gateway to ir rational numberism. There are, to be sure, important differences. While Kant admitted the value of sensible experience and of reason, which he regarded as insufficient but not as impotent, contemporary intuitionists tend to revile both.Whereas Kant go away into intuitionism because he realized the limitation of sensibility and the exaggerations of traditional rationalism, and because he misunderstood the nature of math, intuitionists nowadays do not attempt to solve a single serious problem with the help of either intuition or its concepts rather, they are anxious to eliminate intellectual problems, to cut down reason and planned experience, and to deal rationalism, empiricism, and materialism.This anti-intellectualist brand of intuitionism grew during the Romantic period (roughly, the first half of the nineteenth century) directly from the Kantian seed, but it did not exert a substantial influence until the end of the cen tury, when it ceased being a sickness of isolated professors and became a disease of culture. Sensible intuition and geometrical intuition, or the capacity for spatial representation or optical imagination, have very few defenders in mathematics nowadays, because it has been shown once and for all that they are as cheapjack logically as they are fertile heuristically and didactically.Therefore, what is usually called mathematical intuitionism does not rely on sensible intuition. It is now well understood that mathematical entities, relations, and operations, do not all originate in sensible intuition it is realized that they are conceptual constructions that may altogether lack empirical correlates, regular though some of them may serve as auxiliaries in theories about the world, such as physics.It is also recognized that self-evidence does not work as a criterion of truth, and that proofs cannot be shown by figures alone, because arguments are invisible. In particular, it is no longer required that axioms be self-evident on the contrary, because they are almost always richer than the theorems they are intentional to explain, axioms are often less evident than the theorems they give rise to, and are therefore apt to protrude later than the theorems in the historical development of theories.Thus it is easier to obtain theorems on equilateral triangles than to establish global propositions about triangles. Mathematical intuitionism is best understood if it is regarded as a current that originated among mathematicians (a) as a reception against the exaggerations of logicism and formalism (b) as an attempt to rescue mathematics from the shipwreck that, at the beginning of our century, the discovery of the paradoxes in set theory seemed to forecast (c) as a minor product of Kantian philosophy of pure intuition.It is only indebted to Kant, who was as much a rationalist and an empiricist as he was an intuitionist and even what mathematical intuitionism owes to Kant may be left aside without fear of seriously misunderstanding the theory as has been recognized by Heyting, (Heyting 13) although Brouwer might not agree.The debt of mathematical intuitionism to Kant boils down to two ideas (a) time though not space harmonize to neointuitionists is an a priori form of intuition and is essentially involved in the number concept, which is generated by the operation of counting (b) mathematical concepts are essentially constructible they are neither mere marks (formalism) nor are they apprehensible by their being ready-made (Platonic realism of ideas) they are the work of human minds. The first averment is unmistakably Kantian, but the second will be granted by galore(postnominal) non-Kantian thinkers.Those mathematicians who are tender-hearted with mathematical intuitionism tend to accept the second thesis while ignoring the first. Since a large part of mathematics may be built on the arithmetic of natural numbers, which would be generated b y the intuition of time, it follows that the apriority of time does not only qualify the properties of arithmetic as synthetic a priori judgments, but it does the same for those of geometry, though certainly along an extended conceptual chain.The doctor basal intuition would, then, suffice to engender beat by step and in a constructive or recursive form not merely by means of creative definitions or by resorting to indirect proof the whole of mathematics or, rather, the mathematics allowed by mathematical intuitionism, which is only a portion of classical (pre-intuitionist) mathematics. It is true that Kant maintained that mathematics is the rational knowledge obtained from the construction of concepts. But what Kant meant by construction was not, for instance, the formation of an algorithm for the effective computation or construction of an expression like 100 100100, but rather the exhibition of the pure intuition synonymic to the concept in question. (Black 190) For Kant, t o build a concept means to give its corresponding a priori intuition which, if possible, would be a psychological operation whereas, for mathematical intuitionism, the construction may be entirely logical, to the shoot that it may consist in the deduction of a contradiction.The ultimate foundation of all mathematical concepts, which for Kant and Brouwer kindred must be intuitive, is quite another matter. Unlike Kant, the mathematical intuitionist will require that only the basic ideas be intuitive. With regard to the assertion that the basic intuition is prelinguistic, it seems definitely inconsistent with the findings of contemporary psychology, according to which every thought is symbolical, i. e. , accompanied by visual or verbal signs. Finally, the existence of Brouwers basic intuition (Stigt, 45) is at least as problematic as the existence of mathematical objects.(Curry 6) Mathematical intuitionism has both substantiating and negative elements. The former, the realistic el ements, concern logic and the psychology of mathematics the negative constituents are aprioristic and limiting, concern the foundations and methods of mathematics. proof The debt of mathematical intuitionism to philosophical intuitionism is not large and, at any rate, what is involved is Kants intuitionism and not the anti-intellectualist intuitionism of many Romantics and post-Romantics.Besides, the contacts between mathematical and philosophical intuitionism are precisely those which the majority of mathematicians would not accept. The working mathematician, if he is touch on with the philosophy of mathematics at all, does not sympathize with intuitionism, because it looks for an a priori foundation or justification, or because it praises an unnoticeable basic intuition as the source of mathematical creation, or because it claims that such an intuitive foundation is the sole warrant of certainty.Mathematical and logical intuitionisms are prized to some extent despite their pecul iar dogmas, because they have contributed to the putrefaction of alternative dogmas, particularly the formalist and the logicist ones. Works Cited Black Max. The Nature of Mathematics London Routledge Kegan Paul, 1933. 191 Curry Haskell B. Outlines of a Formalist philosophical system of Mathematics. Amsterdam North-Holland, 1951. Ewing A. C. Reason and Intuition, Proceedings of the British Academy, XXVII (1941) Hahn Hans. The Crisis of Intuition in The World of Mathematics. Edited by J R Newman New York Simon Schuster, 1956Hayward, Malcolm The Geopolitics of Colonial Space Kant and Mapmaking. Article accessed on 12/04/2007 from http//www. english. iup. edu/mhayward/Recent/Kant. htm Heyting A. Heyting, Intuitionism in Mathematics, ( 1958), 13.Kant Immanuel. Kritik der reinen Vernunft (1781, 1787). Edited by R. Schmidt. Hamburg Meiner, 1952. Translated by N. Kemp Smith . Immanuel Kants Critique of Pure Reason. London Macmillan, 1929. Rocca, Della Michael. 1996. Representation and the Mind-Body Problem in Spinoza. Oxford University Press. Stigt, W. P. van 1990, Brouwers Intuitionism, Amsterdam North-Holland, 1990.

An Adoption Of Ebusiness In Thai SMEs

An bankers acceptance Of Ebusiness In siamese connection SMEsChapter 1 Dissertation IntroductionBackground to lookIn order to gain business opportunities, many large companies invested in information systems (IS). Because the high return from investment lose seen in many qualitys. Also, Porter (2001) claims that the e-business which integrity kind of information systems rat term as the way to counseling business by applying the Internet to support business activities. How perpetually, in small and strong suit sized enterprises disc everywhere only small amount of evidences to prove those benefits (Levy, Powell Yetton, 2002). How incessantly, presently the internet was changed the way of running business, the small and mean(a) enterprise (SME) have higher opportunities to survive in various markets (Levy Powell, 2005). Consequently, these enquiryes argon inspired this look into to seek how to improve SME in Siameseland which is wholeness of the most evidential busine ss sectors in the country. thitherfore, the intellection of improving siamese connection business by compound an e-business into SMEs has been studied. Furthermore, there ar some amount of enquiry for initiateing e-commerce in Siameseland but r atomic number 18ly seen for e-business. In my opinion, e-business could change and improve the way of running business better than ever due to it supports the coordination between suppliers and partners, operation performance, and also include e-commerce (Beynon-Davies, 2004).Aims and objectivesResearch objectivesTo disc over which kind of small and long suit companies should amalgamate e-business and what argon the critical achievement factors in adopting it. This inquiry also aims to develop the road social function of e-business consolidation for the facial expression prove association.Research questionsHow to adopt e-business to Thai SMEs?Why only some companies should integrate e-business?What are the characteristics tha t specify the appropriation?How e-business chiffonier improve the partnership performance?What are the critical success factors?What are the main barriers for these kinds of small size business?Do suppliers or customers of the lodge agree with integrating e-business?Do they have signifi bedt influent to change?What are the possibility fill tell us about the literature?How the business bottom apply in the future?Area of Focus social organisationChapter 2 Literature Analysis and Dissertation QuestionsValue chainDynamics of SMEs to information systemsImportant of e-businessE-business consolidationThailand SMEsCritical susses factorsChapter 3 Context and MethodologyAfter the previous chapter critical analysed various relevant faculty member literatures. This chapter illustrates the soft interrogation methodology applied in this dissertation in order to analyse and visualise the road single-valued function for adopting e-business system in SuperBag Company. In this context and methodology part is combined with three main sections look-alike and interrogation methodology, research convention, and research ethic. The chapter explains the run of research planning in the same logical with the research onion in consider 3.1 (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2008 cited in Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill 2009, p.108). By the reason that this model possible to show the admission price of vigilance research clearly.Figure 3.1 The research onion (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009, p.108)As can be seen in var. 3.1 the research onion divided to two colours in order to distinguished the layer of cerebration method. In the first two layers are philosophies and cuddlees which can be thought of as effigy and research methodology. The next three levels are strategies, choices, and measure horizontals. These three layers are concerning on research design service (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009). In the innermost layer, info meetion and selective i nformation analysis are discussed in the next chapter. substitution class and Research MethodologyThis research has the purpose to investigate the critical success factors in applying e-business in Thailand SMEs. Consequently, to hurt the richness of information and enhance the validity of the outcome, the research result utilise interpretive philosophy (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009). In addition, the philosophy results in inductive approach.To begin with first layer, this qualitative research applied an interpretivist philosophy. Referred to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009) explain that interpretivism fitted for the research topic that has some particular interests and difficult to understand such as human being. For this reason, to labor the crusade study is aligning with interpretivism that supports to view the situation in-depth. Additionally, Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009) suggest three views to clarify the research philosophies including with ontology, ep istemology and axiology.In interpretivism, ontology represents the nature of reality as subjective that varies to change. Next, epistemology explains that the details of subject contexts are important to the research implication. in conclusion in interpretivism paradigm, axiology shows a value-laden and research is part of the research that might lead to inclineed outcome (Blackmon and Maylor, 2005). In conclusion, interpretivism is enamor with this research as this philosophy demonstrates the richness of entropy and subjective as well as high validity (Harwood, 2010). Moreover, as Greener (2008, p.17) stated, an interpretivist researcher aims to see the world throught the eyes of the people being studied, allowing them sevenfold perspectives of reality, rather than the one reality? of positivism?. This statement supports the conception that interpretivism is ultimate for business research which supports to have the framework from the many participants views.In the second lay er is inductive approach was employ in this research as parallel way of interpretivism. This approach is more assume to deal with a small try out size. As it spotlights attention to the contexts of subject. In addition, a number of researches support inductive approach is closer accord of social joint than deductive approach (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009).Research DesignThis sub section explains three layers of research onion strategies, choices, and eon horizontals. Firstly, as the dissertation topic analysed SuperBag Company, the research design was fixed as a content study. As well as the Research Philosophy and approach those were devised to find the most appropriate paradigm to produce the reliable outcome. The strategy utilise in the research is a single reference study. According to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009) state that this strategy can be explained descriptive, explanatory and exploratory research types. However, this research is have-to doe with as exploratory more than oppositewises because it discovered new knowledge for the courtship. More details about the role study company are described in the chapter 4.Secondly, reference to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009) reveal that while using case study strategy, both qualitative and quantitative should be asked. This technique called as triangulation and it is possible to reduce the preconceived notion decision from the point of researchers view. in that respectfore, this research used mixed-method design in order to make up the research reliability. The qualitative info were collected by using semi-structured interviews and the quantitative entropy were self-collected from internal and external company data resources.Thirdly, the time horizon that was used in this make-up is cross-sectional study. Main reason of selecting the cross-sectional study instead of longitudinal study is the research question (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009). The research questi on is about to develop the implementation plan in the particular time, so that cross-sectional study would be more suited than longitudinal time horizontal. Moreover, as Greener (2008) point out, when the research faced with time limited same as this dissertation case, cross-sectional study would be more preferable too.Ethic ConsiderationThe ethic is one of the main concerns in producing this research. As Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009) have insinuates that ethically research should be performed since the authority to get to the participants, collection suffice, analysis, and the way to present research data. For example, the voice record are started after the interviewees were consent to do. Moreover, researcher used the natural tone while interviewing in order to reduce the interviewees stress. In addition, interview time was selected by the interviewees to provide the most convenience time for them. Furthermore, both interviewees and companys name are anonymous due to t he concealing concern. Hence, instead of its read name, this case study company referred as SuperBag.Chapter 4 info Collection and data AnalysisAs mentioned in previous section, this chapter explains in the innermost of the research onion that is techniques and procedures of the research. Those discussed in this chapter are highlighted as (1) case description, (2) sampling method, (3) Data collection secondary data and primary data, and (4) data analysing technique. circumstance DescriptionThis dissertation focuses on SuperBag Company as a case study. This company was selected for examination since it is a Small and Medium Enterprises in Thailand. Thai SMEs is .SuperBag Company is a filter bags manufacture. The company was established since 1983 and it is a first expert manufacture of filter bags in Thailand. As the first company and its size and mesh are increasing continuously that made SuperBag is the leader of this market. Recently, the firm has a client base of over 100 com panies including Thailand and some neighbour countries. Additional, the numbers of customers are constant growing.However, SuperBag has not converted to big company yet. The company was owner and formed by an enthusiastic entrepreneur. In addition, SuperBag operated as family business which has 40 50 employees. Also, the main communication ways are using the traditional ways such as facsimile and telephoneThe company provides a full range of associated filter products and accessories. The main product is filter bags which are using for dust control in various industries such as food put to working, pharmaceuticals, and mining tap cement.SuperBag offers an assortment of services include designing fitting bags, onsite fitting, producing made to order products, maintenance, and advice for problem solving.Majority of the products SuperBag make are mainly sold in Thailand. On the other hands, SuperBag imports raw material from many countries include Germany, Taiwan, Korea, and Chi na. The materials from different country of origin are prodigiously affected to the product quality and lucre margin.The aims and visions of SuperBag are promised to high standard filter bags, fast service, made to order by specialist, concern the customer relationship, in order to achieve the highest customers satisfaction. (SuperBag, 2010)most management and organisational researchers suggest that you are more likely to gain access where you are able to use existing contacts? (Buchanan et al. 1988 Easterby-Smith et al. 2008 Johnson 1975 cited in Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill 2009, p.176)Sampling MethodAfter the try case was explained, this section describes the sampling technique that was applied to this research. According to the research question that what to know how to adopt e-business to Thai SMEs which are a numerous number of this kind of enterprise in Thailand. Therefore, the entire population cannot be collected and analysed, the sample case is necessary. Additionally, an alternative of probability, this dissertation decided to use non-probability sampling technique. As Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009) manoeuver that non-probability sampling techniques are allowed to choose the sample purposively. With this reasons the research question could be answered from rich information that commonly gains from small sample size. Finally, when combined various supported reasons and the opportunity to access the SuperBag Company data, made this research applied a non-probability with purposively selected SuperBag Company as a case study to simplify the general idea of how to adopt e-business in Thai SMEs.Data CollectionData were collected from two major types include secondary data and primary data. Firstly, secondary data which are the existing data could be collect from either external or internal company database. Referred to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009) internal data are data that can be obtained from the firm. External data could be conduc ted from many sources such as internet, library, and some publishing media (Harwood, 2010). some other data source is primary data which is data that first collect in the research. As mentioned in sampling method that the research leave alone use a single case study, which will be the good source of primary data.Secondary dataAs McQuarrie (1996) suggested that before planning to spend time and money to collect data, the researchers should look for secondary data first. Even though the secondary data were collected for different purposes, they were ready to be used. Moreover, secondary data can be the firm internal data such as investment plan, company annual report. Also, wide ranges of existing knowledge are provided, in this dissertation was focused in four areas consisted information systems (IS) and information technology (IT), e-business adoption, Thai SMEs, and business strategy. There are a choice of sources to review such as public and university library, and opened onlin e sectors. These secondary data were valuable to the research if they are related, reliability and validity (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009).Primary dataThis type of case study suits when the case provides authorities to access their data (Yin, 2003).The information was gathered from two interviewers that are the owner and the replacement of the company. Furthermore, the interview will use face to face and virtual face techniques. In detailed, these qualitative interviews will be prepared as semi-structured interviews. According to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009), the semi-structured interviews reusable when new aspect from the interviewers are very significant to the research outcome. Because new questions can be added or omitted depends on the conversation. Moreover, the conversions would be recorded by audio-recorders and written report notes.Data Analysis TechniqueData AnalysisAll records will be transcribed into boy files and then complicate through the data clea ning process. Next, these data will be answered the research questions. Nevertheless, the process of data collection and analysis will be repeated until all questions were answered.ResourcesAlthough, various secondary data can be found in opened online sector such as Webcat and TDnet, some of effectual information has to pay for. Moreover, this research was prepared by individually, so the researcher has to pay for all court which happens during this project. The free online articles and journals which involve in the topic will be used in this research that can find from intranet at Library of University such as TDnet, Webcat.Time management and location mend repair could have significant impact to the data that was collected, so this research will conduct the information as virtual face and face to face. For virtual face means the interviewee and interviewer can see each other and have real time communication (Skype, 2010). In this research will use the software called Skype. Al so, world-wide call will be used in emergency situation.An sufferance Of Ebusiness In Thai SMEsAn Adoption Of Ebusiness In Thai SMEsChapter 1 Dissertation IntroductionBackground to researchIn order to increase business opportunities, many large companies invested in information systems (IS). Because the high return from investment have seen in many cases. Also, Porter (2001) claims that the e-business which one kind of information systems can term as the way to management business by applying the Internet to support business activities. However, in small and mediocre sized enterprises have only small amount of evidences to prove those benefits (Levy, Powell Yetton, 2002). However, presently the internet was changed the way of running business, the small and medium enterprise (SME) have higher opportunities to survive in various markets (Levy Powell, 2005). Consequently, these researches are inspired this research to explore how to improve SME in Thailand which is one of the mo st significant business sectors in the country. Therefore, the idea of improving Thai business by integrating an e-business into SMEs has been studied. Furthermore, there are some amount of research for developing e-commerce in Thailand but rarely seen for e-business. In my opinion, e-business could change and improve the way of running business better than ever due to it supports the coordination between suppliers and partners, operation performance, and also included e-commerce (Beynon-Davies, 2004).Aims and objectivesResearch objectivesTo discover which kind of small and medium companies should integrate e-business and what are the critical success factors in adopting it. This research also aims to develop the road map of e-business integration for the case study company.Research questionsHow to adopt e-business to Thai SMEs?Why only some companies should integrate e-business?What are the characteristics that specify the appropriation?How e-business can improve the company perfor mance?What are the critical success factors?What are the main barriers for these kinds of small size business?Do suppliers or customers of the company agree with integrating e-business?Do they have significant influent to change?What are the case study tell us about the literature?How the business can apply in the future?Area of Focus organizeChapter 2 Literature Analysis and Dissertation QuestionsValue chainDynamics of SMEs to information systemsImportant of e-businessE-business integrationThailand SMEsCritical susses factorsChapter 3 Context and MethodologyAfter the previous chapter critical analysed various relevant schoolman literatures. This chapter illustrates the qualitative research methodology applied in this dissertation in order to analyse and design the roadmap for adopting e-business system in SuperBag Company. In this context and methodology part is combined with three main sections paradigm and research methodology, research design, and research ethic. The chapter ex plains the process of research planning in the same logical with the research onion in figure 3.1 (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2008 cited in Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill 2009, p.108). By the reason that this model possible to show the approach of management research clearly.Figure 3.1 The research onion (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009, p.108)As can be seen in figure 3.1 the research onion divided to two colours in order to distinguished the layer of view method. In the first two layers are philosophies and approaches which can be thought of as paradigm and research methodology. The next three levels are strategies, choices, and time horizontals. These three layers are concerning on research design process (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009). In the innermost layer, data collection and data analysis are discussed in the next chapter. image and Research MethodologyThis research has the purpose to investigate the critical success factors in applying e-business in Thailand S MEs. Consequently, to get the richness of information and enhance the validity of the outcome, the research will utilise interpretive philosophy (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009). In addition, the philosophy results in inductive approach.To begin with first layer, this qualitative research applied an interpretivist philosophy. Referred to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009) explain that interpretivism adequate for the research topic that has some particular interests and difficult to understand such as human being. For this reason, to encompass the case study is aligning with interpretivism that supports to view the situation in-depth. Additionally, Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009) suggest three views to clarify the research philosophies including with ontology, epistemology and axiology.In interpretivism, ontology represents the nature of reality as subjective that varies to change. Next, epistemology explains that the details of subject contexts are important to the res earch implication. in conclusion in interpretivism paradigm, axiology shows a value-laden and research is part of the research that might lead to biased outcome (Blackmon and Maylor, 2005). In conclusion, interpretivism is appropriate with this research as this philosophy demonstrates the richness of data and subjective as well as high validity (Harwood, 2010). Moreover, as Greener (2008, p.17) stated, an interpretivist researcher aims to see the world throught the eyes of the people being studied, allowing them denary perspectives of reality, rather than the one reality? of positivism?. This statement supports the idea that interpretivism is ultimate for business research which supports to give in the framework from the many participants views.In the second layer is inductive approach was used in this research as parallel way of interpretivism. This approach is more appropriate to deal with a small sample size. As it spotlights attention to the contexts of subject. In addition, a number of researches support inductive approach is closer arrangement of social word than deductive approach (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009).Research DesignThis sub section explains three layers of research onion strategies, choices, and time horizontals. Firstly, as the dissertation topic analysed SuperBag Company, the research design was fixed as a case study. As well as the Research Philosophy and approach those were devised to find the most appropriate paradigm to produce the reliable outcome. The strategy used in the research is a single case study. According to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009) state that this strategy can be explained descriptive, explanatory and exploratory research types. However, this research is bear on as exploratory more than others because it discovered new knowledge for the case. More details about the case study company are described in the chapter 4.Secondly, reference to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009) reveal that while using case study strategy, both qualitative and quantitative should be collected. This technique called as triangulation and it is possible to reduce the bias decision from the point of researchers view. Therefore, this research used mixed-method design in order to increase the research reliability. The qualitative data were collected by using semi-structured interviews and the quantitative data were gathered from internal and external company data resources.Thirdly, the time horizon that was used in this paper is cross-sectional study. Main reason of selecting the cross-sectional study instead of longitudinal study is the research question (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009). The research question is about to develop the implementation plan in the particular time, so that cross-sectional study would be more suitable than longitudinal time horizontal. Moreover, as Greener (2008) point out, when the research faced with time limited same as this dissertation case, cross-sectional study would be more preferable too.Ethic ConsiderationThe ethic is one of the main concerns in producing this research. As Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009) have indicates that ethically research should be performed since the authority to access the participants, conclave process, analysis, and the way to present research data. For example, the voice record are started after the interviewees were consent to do. Moreover, researcher used the natural tone while interviewing in order to reduce the interviewees stress. In addition, interview time was selected by the interviewees to provide the most convenience time for them. Furthermore, both interviewees and companys name are anonymous due to the hiding concern. Hence, instead of its read name, this case study company referred as SuperBag.Chapter 4 Data Collection and Data AnalysisAs mentioned in previous section, this chapter explains in the innermost of the research onion that is techniques and procedures of the research. Those discussed in this chapter are highlighted as (1) case description, (2) sampling method, (3) Data collection secondary data and primary data, and (4) data analysing technique. brass DescriptionThis dissertation focuses on SuperBag Company as a case study. This company was selected for examination since it is a Small and Medium Enterprises in Thailand. Thai SMEs is .SuperBag Company is a filter bags manufacture. The company was established since 1983 and it is a first expert manufacture of filter bags in Thailand. As the first company and its size and profit are increasing continuously that made SuperBag is the leader of this market. Recently, the firm has a client base of over 100 companies including Thailand and some neighbour countries. Additional, the numbers of customers are constant growing.However, SuperBag has not converted to big company yet. The company was owner and formed by an enthusiastic entrepreneur. In addition, SuperBag operated as family business which has 40 50 employees. Als o, the main communication ways are using the traditional ways such as facsimile and telephoneThe company provides a full range of associated filter products and accessories. The main product is filter bags which are using for dust control in various industries such as food processing, pharmaceuticals, and mining exploit cement.SuperBag offers an assortment of services included designing suitable bags, onsite fitting, producing made to order products, maintenance, and advice for problem solving.Majority of the products SuperBag construct are mainly sold in Thailand. On the other hands, SuperBag imports raw material from many countries included Germany, Taiwan, Korea, and China. The materials from different country of origin are significantly affected to the product quality and profit margin.The aims and visions of SuperBag are promised to high standard filter bags, fast service, made to order by specialist, concern the customer relationship, in order to achieve the highest custom ers satisfaction. (SuperBag, 2010)most management and organisational researchers suggest that you are more likely to gain access where you are able to use existing contacts? (Buchanan et al. 1988 Easterby-Smith et al. 2008 Johnson 1975 cited in Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill 2009, p.176)Sampling MethodAfter the sample case was explained, this section describes the sampling technique that was applied to this research. According to the research question that what to know how to adopt e-business to Thai SMEs which are a numerous number of this kind of enterprise in Thailand. Therefore, the entire population cannot be collected and analysed, the sample case is necessary. Additionally, an alternative of probability, this dissertation decided to use non-probability sampling technique. As Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009) indicate that non-probability sampling techniques are allowed to choose the sample purposively. With this reasons the research question could be answered from rich info rmation that ordinarily gains from small sample size. Finally, when combined various supported reasons and the opportunity to access the SuperBag Company data, made this research applied a non-probability with purposively selected SuperBag Company as a case study to simplify the general idea of how to adopt e-business in Thai SMEs.Data CollectionData were collected from two major types included secondary data and primary data. Firstly, secondary data which are the existing data could be collect from either external or internal company database. Referred to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009) internal data are data that can be obtained from the firm. External data could be conducted from many sources such as internet, library, and some publishing media (Harwood, 2010). some other data source is primary data which is data that first collect in the research. As mentioned in sampling method that the research will use a single case study, which will be the good source of primary data. Secondary dataAs McQuarrie (1996) suggested that before planning to spend time and money to collect data, the researchers should look for secondary data first. Even though the secondary data were gathered for different purposes, they were ready to be used. Moreover, secondary data can be the firm internal data such as investment plan, company annual report. Also, wide ranges of existing knowledge are provided, in this dissertation was focused in four areas consisted information systems (IS) and information technology (IT), e-business adoption, Thai SMEs, and business strategy. There are a choice of sources to review such as public and university library, and opened online sectors. These secondary data were valuable to the research if they are related, reliability and validity (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009).Primary dataThis type of case study suits when the case provides authorities to access their data (Yin, 2003).The information was gathered from two interviewers that are th e owner and the renewal of the company. Furthermore, the interview will use face to face and virtual face techniques. In detailed, these qualitative interviews will be prepared as semi-structured interviews. According to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009), the semi-structured interviews useful when new aspect from the interviewers are very significant to the research outcome. Because new questions can be added or omitted depends on the conversation. Moreover, the conversions would be recorded by audio-recorders and paper notes.Data Analysis TechniqueData AnalysisAll records will be transcribed into word files and then get through the data cleaning process. Next, these data will be answered the research questions. Nevertheless, the process of data collection and analysis will be repeated until all questions were answered.ResourcesAlthough, various secondary data can be found in opened online sector such as Webcat and TDnet, some of useful information has to pay for. Moreover, this research was prepared by individually, so the researcher has to pay for all cost which happens during this project. The free online articles and journals which involve in the topic will be used in this research that can find from intranet at Library of University such as TDnet, Webcat.Time management and locationLocationLocation could have significant impact to the data that was collected, so this research will conduct the information as virtual face and face to face. For virtual face means the interviewee and interviewer can see each other and have real time communication (Skype, 2010). In this research will use the software called Skype. Also, planetary call will be used in emergency situation.